CPA for Career Schools

Top 10 changes to look for while filing your 2023 taxes

1. Depreciation. Businesses formerly could deduct the cost of big assets over the expected lifetime of that asset. If your $1,000 computer was going to last 10 years, you could deduct $100 for it each year until its final year. This likely reduced your tax obligation. Since mid-2017, a business could claim 100% bonus depreciation on it. (Bonus depreciation was the government's way to encourage small business investment and jolt the economy.) However, that bonus became 80% in 2023 and will fall by 20% more each year until the bonus depreciation ends.

2. Environmental credits. Available credits for your business vehicle under the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 differ depending on whether you placed your clean vehicle into service from Jan. 1 through April 17, 2023 or April 18 and after.

3. Retirement plan incentives. If you have up to 50 employees and have thought about rewarding them — or want to be more competitive with your hires — any costs you incur to establish a retirement plan are now fully deductible up to $5,000. Businesses with 51-100 employees can get a credit for 50% of their costs.

4. Employer contribution tax credit. If your retirement plan includes an employer contribution, some or all of that expense can be taken as a federal tax credit. This credit can only be taken for participating employees earning $100,000 or less based on how much of their contributions you match. The cap per employee is $1,000.

5. Net operating loss deduction changes. It used to be that if you had a net operating loss — say, you spent $10,000 on inventory but only made $8,000 in sales, you were able to carry that $2,000 loss forward to the subsequent tax year. Starting in 2023, you can only deduct 80% of that loss ($1,600 in this example).

6. Mileage changes from tax year 2022. For business use of your personal vehicle, the mileage deduction increased in 2023 to 65.5¢ per mile (from 62.5¢). This also applies when reimbursing employees when they've driven their vehicle on your behalf.

7. Form 1099K. The 2021 American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 required third-party settlement organizations (such as eBay, Amazon and PayPal) to report transactions to the IRS if they exceeded $600 for the year. If your business (or, more likely, side hustle) is selling items through an online retailer, you may have been required to supply your social security number or employer identification number to receive a Form 1099K. However, in late 2023, the IRS declared the year to be another "transitional year," and you may not receive the form. You must still report that income and pay tax on it.

8. Interest expense limitation. Since 2017, there has been a limit to how much interest you may deduct. This was changed in 2022, and further refined in 2023. The IRS describes the changes here. The gist is that with the lower limit and higher interest rates, you may not be able to deduct all of your interest. If this applies to you, this is a good example of a time to enlist the aid of a tax professional.

9. 401(k) contribution deadlines. The tax year 2023 is the first year sole proprietors and single-member LLCs may make first-year contributions through the April 15 tax filing deadline.

10. Meal and entertainment. If you started your business during the pandemic era when you could write off 100% of those costs, be aware that only 50% of the cost of 2023 meals and entertainment expenses is deductible.